Comparing the performance of historical and regular stone pavement structures through Finite Element Method
Authors: Nicholas Fiorentini, Jiandong Huang, Giacomo Cuciniello, Pietro Leandri and Massimo Losa		 Italy
Abstract View Paper
Stone pavement structures (SPS), also known as stone roads or stone-paved roads, are road pavements constructed using stones as the primary surface material. Different types of SPS exist; historically, irregular-shaped stones with downward protrusions have been often exploited since regular-shaped stones were difficult to be produced. More recently, regular cuboid stones can be also used. Accordingly, in new construction and renovations of SPS, pavement designers must take an essential decision concerning the adoption of historical or regular stones.
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Nonetheless, it is often confusing which of the two types of stones should be employed, considering that historical and regular SPS follow the same theory and pavement design methods. Therefore, a comparison between the performance of these two types of SPS is required to support their design and maintenance. Moreover, SPS are limitedly investigated and, to the best of our knowledge, there are no research contributions that address this specific task. Accordingly, in the present study, after conducting a laboratory characterization and in situ structural survey by Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) on a SPS, a comparative analysis based on the Finite Element Method (FEM) was carried out for investigating the structural performance of the historical (H-SPS) and regular SPS (R-SPS) in urban trafficked areas, where SPS must withstand heavy traffic loads. Specifically, considering both typologies of SPS, the paper aims to model and investigate: (a) the mechanical behavior under loading (displacements, stress, and strain distribution), (b) failure criteria (stone warpage and separation between the stones and the mortar joint), (c) the joint efficiency between stones, and (d) to which extent the road subgrade stiffness may influence the performance of SPS. In addition to the pavement design perspective, the research also provides a short glance at the strengths and weaknesses of R-SPS and H-SPS from other sides, such as functionality, ease of maintenance, construction techniques, and cultural and historical values.

Keywords: stone pavement structures; historical pavements; finite element method; FEM; simulation; mechanical behavior; pavement design.
Nicholas Fiorentini
Nicholas Fiorentini, The research of Nicholas involves the prediction and mapping of infrastructure deficiencies using Machine Learning, Geographic Information Systems, and Non-Destructive High-Performance Techniques, such as InSAR, FWD, and GPR. Also, Nicholas is interested in road safety analyses & modeling, crash frequency & crash severity prediction, and pavement management.
 
 
Jiandong Huang
Professor Jiandong Huang earned his Bachelor of Science degree from Fudan University, Shanghai and went to the United States through the CUSBEA* programme to pursue his doctoral study in transcriptional regulation during fruit fly embryonic pattern formation. He earned his PhD degree from the University of California, Los Angeles. Thereafter, Professor Huang received his postdoctoral training in mouse genetics at National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health in the US. During this period, Professor Huang was the first to report that the two major intracellular transportation systems of mammalian cells, the
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microtubule- and actin-filament-based system, directly interact with each other through their motor proteins, kinesin and myosin. Later, he established his own laboratory at The University of Hong Kong. Professor Huang is now Chair Professor of Synthetic Biology and the L & T Charitable Foundation Professor in Biomedical Sciences in the School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong.
Giacomo Cuciniello
Giacomo Cuciniello currently works at the Nottingham Transportation Engineering Centre, University of Nottingham. Giacomo does research in Railway Engineering, Transportation Engineering and Civil Engineering.
 
 
 
Pietro Leandri
Associate Professor for the scientific disciplinary field ICAR/04 (Roads, Railways and Airports) at the Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa. Research activities carried out mainly in the areas of the topics concerning the study of innovative materials for use in sustainable pavements, modeling of the mechanical response of road superstructure, characterization of mixtures for flexible pavements, study of surface characteristics of road surfaces and effects on vehicle
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motion, development of environmentally friendly road surfaces with low noise emission, rheological characterization of bituminous mastics containing milled pavement, and analysis of the resilience of transportation infrastructure. These activities are documented by more than 50 scientific publications in international journals and proceedings of national and international conferences. Research activities have been carried out within the framework of research projects and third-party agreements entered into by the Department of affiliation, often aimed at solving concrete problems, actively participating in the experimental activities carried out.
Massimo Iosa Ghini
Massimo Iosa Ghini is an Italian architect, designer, and professor. He is recognized for his contribution to the Bolidist Movement and his involvement with the Memphis Group, alongside architects such as Ettore Sottsass and Michael Graves. Iosa Ghini is acclaimed for his streamlined and organic designs, demonstrating his visionary ability to blend disciplines, forms, and dimensions, transcending boundaries between art, design, and architecture. With a prolific career spanning the globe, he has created numerous architectural projects and a substantial collection of furniture that reflects his futuristic design style. In 1990, he founded the Losa Ghini Associati (Associates) Firm, which currently operates in Milan, Bologna, Moscow, and Miami.
Wander Effect on Pavement Performance for Application in Connected and Autonomous Vehicles
Authors: Jorge Pais, Paulo Pereira and Liseane Thives		 Portugal
Abstract View Paper
Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAV) will change how road engineers design road pavements because they can position themselves within a traffic lane, keeping their position in the lane more precisely than human-driven vehicles. These vehicles will have lower lateral wandering, which can induce more damage to pavements, such as cracking and permanent deformation, than the conventional vehicles, with consequences for the infrastructures due to the increased cracking and reduced safety due to the rutting. Thus, it is essential to assess the wander effect on pavement performance to define policies for its implementation on CAV.
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This paper studies the impact of the lateral wander of the traffic on pavement performance, considering its fatigue and permanent deformation resistance. This impact can be used to define limits for the wander to minimize distresses on the pavement. The results of this study allow us to conclude that for a pavement with a 10 cm asphalt layer, the wander effect is more significant for fatigue life. A pavement life increase of 20% was observed for a wander of 0.2 m, while for 0.6 m, the fatigue life can increase up to 48%. For the permanent deformation, a pavement life increase of 2% for a wander of 0.2 m was observed, but for 0.6 m, the pavement life can be increased up to 34%.

Keywords: road pavements; connected and autonomous vehicles; wander; pavement performance.
Jorge Pais, Ph.D. University of Minho, Portugal
Jorge Pais is an Associate Professor of the Department of Civil Engineering at the University of Minho (UM) in Portugal. He received his Ph.D. degree from University of Minho in 1999 with a thesis on reflective cracking in flexible pavements. Before his current position, Dr. Pais worked as research assistant with the pavement research group at the UM. He holds Bachelor (1990) and Master (1993) degrees in Civil Engineering from University of Porto in Portugal. Since 2012 he has been head of the Department of Civil Engineering.
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Jorge Pais teaching areas include the Geometric Highway Design, Road Pavement Design and Railways Design undergraduate and post-graduate courses at the UM. In this context he has a pedagogical book for Geometric Highway Design.
Jorge Pais research areas include pavement materials design and characterization, advanced laboratory testing, field performance evaluation and maintenance and rehabilitation techniques. In the materials area, he has been involved in fatigue, reflective cracking, cracking propagation, asphalt rubber hot mixes characterization. Jorge Pais is currently the researcher and supervisor of several projects for public and private highways companies of road pavements. He successful supervised 7 (concluded) + 2 (on going) PhD students and 24 MSc students.
Jorge Pais is author or co-author of more than 190 papers in international and national journals and conferences, some of them cited by the ISI. He has been invited to review manuscripts from some international journals in road pavements area. He has been involved in several national research projects and participated in the organization of scientific events, mainly in the scientific committee of 36 conferences.
Jorge Pais is the author of two computer softwares for road pavement design: i) JPav computer software allows the computation of the stress/strain/displacements in road pavements for its design; ii) JPavBack computer software allows the back-calculation of road pavements based on the results of Falling Weight Deflectometer testing. Presently he is developing a computer program for the design of airport pavements (JPavAir).
Paulo Pereira, Ph.D. University of Minho, Portugal
Professor Paulo Pereira Present Position: Professor and Researcher of Transportation at the Department of Civil Engineering and research centre; Centre for Territory, Environment and Construction, University of Minho. Member of General Council of the University of Minho. Coordinator of the Interdisciplinary Platform UM-Cities of the University of Minho. Director of the research centre Centre for Territory, Environment and Construction (CTAC). Education and Degrees: Aggregation, University of Minho, 1999; PhD in Civil Engineering, 1988, University of Minho; BSc in Civil Engineering, 1980, University of Porto.
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Topics of Research: Highway Engineering; Road Management Systems; Road Pavements Design; Asphalt Pavement Materials; Road Surface Characteristics; Road Safety; Urban Mobility. Lectures: Highway Engineering; Road Pavements; Road Pavements Management. Master and PhD supervision: Supervisor of 12 Master students and 12 PhD students.
Liseane Thives, Dr. University of Minho, Portugal
Dr. Liseane Thives has experience in Civil Engineering, focusing on roads, design, construction and transportation. She holds a Doctor degree in Civil Engineering from the University of Minho (Portugal). Her research topics are: transport, road pavements, stormwater harvesting, and waste management. She worked for 18 years on pavement sites. Since 2010 she is an Associate Professor at the Federal University of Santa Catarina, Department of Civil Engineering. She supervises students at the master’s and doctoral level, has more than 40 articles published in indexed journals and more than 100 articles published in conferences.
 
Lessons learned from the Construction and Initial Performance of a Double Chip Seal wit Paving Mat Pilot Project
Authors: DingXin Cheng and Lerose Lane		 USA
Abstract View Paper
Single chip seals are used by many agencies to maintain or preserve their roadways. While the construction and performance of single chip seals can be easily found from literature, the construction of double chip seals with and without paving fabric or paving mats is still not common. This paper investigates four double chip seal strategies used in a pilot project constructed on US 395 in Inyo County, California, by Caltrans. Within the double chip seal project limits, eight Performance Evaluation Sections (PESs) using four treatment strategies were established for detailed performance monitoring and evaluation:
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1—a 3/8-inch asphalt rubber chip seal followed by a 1/4-inch PME chip seal without pavement-reinforcing fabric (PRF) or a paving mat as a control section; 2—a 3/8-inch PME chip seal over PRF, followed by a 1/4-inch PME chip seal; 3—a 3/8-inch PME chip seal over a paving mat, followed by a 1/4-inch PME chip seal; and 4—an asphalt rubber 3/8-inch chip seal over a paving mat, followed by a 1/4-inch PME chip seal. This pilot project was monitored during construction and evaluated 1 year later to help identify any construction issues and was used to improve the specifications and performance of Caltrans’ chip seals. This paper presents the initial findings following construction, and the one-year performance of the pilot project and lessons learned. The findings presented were accomplished by using these four treatment strategies on a highway with a very adverse high desert climate type and high traffic volumes. Project reviews are also planned for up to seven years to determine the long-term project performance.

Keywords: chip seals; double chip seals; asphalt rubber (type II); polymer-modified emulsion (PME); pavement-reinforcing fabric (PRF); paving mat.
DingXin Cheng, Ph.D., P.E. California State University, Chico
Director of California Pavement Preservation Center and Professor of California State University Chico. Professor Cheng is a graduate of Texas A&M University, College Station, Ph.D., Transportation and Pavement Material, 2002. University of Toledo, M.S., Geotechnical Engineering, 1999. Northeastern University, China, M.S., Rock Mechanics, 1994. Northeastern University, China, B.S., Civil Engineering, 1991. Professor Cheng teaches Transportation Engineering, Traffic Engineering, Pavement Design and Pavement Material, Soil Mechnics and Foundations. And developed Software: Two-Way Street Signal Progression Software.
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Graduation of Aggregates, Knowledge-based Database System for Soil Constitutive Properties. License Professional Engineer, Civil and Transportation, Texas Member of Institute of Transportation Engineers Honors and Awards: Sigma Xi – Scientific Research Society.
Lerose Lane
Education B. S. Civil Engineer, CSU, Chico (1970), UC Davis Ext. (1972-73).
Senior Pavement Preservation Engineer, CSU, Chico (2010 to Present), District Materials Engineer, Caltrans, District 2 (1998-2007), Branch Chief, Design R-2, Caltrans, District 2 (1994-1998), Senior Construction Engineer, Caltrans, District 2 (1991-1994), Resident Engineer, Caltrans, District 2 (1989-1991), Engineer, Range C, Design, Caltrans, District 2 (1988-1989), Associate Engineer, Design, Right of Way, Land Development, County of Tehama, Dept. of Public Works (1981-1988),
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Associate Engineer, Gillette-Harris-Duranceau Engineering, Yuba City, CA (1979-1981), Assistant Director of Public Works, City of Marysville (1978-1979), Part-time Computer Science Instructor, Yuba College, (1975-1978),
Junior Development Engineer, Water Science and Engineering, UC Davis, (1971-1973). Fields of Specialization: Pavement Materials and Materials Testing, Highway and Pavement Design, Highway Construction, Contract Administration and Field Practices
Properties of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) with several contents of Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA)
Authors: Julio Cantero-Durango, Rodrigo Polo-Mendoza, Gilberto Martinez-Arguelles and Luis Fuentes		 Colombia
Abstract View Paper
Continuous research efforts have been developed in the literature to raise the sustainability components of the road infrastructure industry, i.e., reduce potential contaminants and augment financial profitability. In this regard, this investigation aims to explore the feasibility of producing Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) with the inclusion of Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA) as a partial substitute for coarse Natural Aggregates (NAs). Thus, four different HMAs were considered, namely HMAs with coarse RCA contents of 0, 15, 30, and 45%. Specifically,
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the mechanical and sustainability properties of the asphalt mixtures were determined. On the one hand, the Marshall design parameters, resilient modulus, moisture susceptibility, rutting resistance, and fatigue life were addressed as mechanical properties. Meanwhile, regarding the sustainability properties, the environmental impacts and production costs were estimated using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and the Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) methodologies, respectively. Consequently, the following conclusions were obtained: (i) as the coarse RCA content increases, the mechanical behavior of the HMA progressively deteriorates; (ii) this decrease in mechanical performance is acceptable up to a 15% RCA of coarse RCA, whereas for higher dosages this alteration is abrupt; and (iii) the RCA only generates sustainability benefits at a 15% replacement amount.

Keywords: Hot Mix Asphalt; Life Cycle Assessment; Life Cycle Cost Analysis; mechanical performance; pavement materials; Recycled Concrete Aggregate; sustainability.
Julio Cantero-Durango Universidad del Norte
Julio Cantero-Durango is a researcher interested in pavement engineering and construction management. He obtained his bachelor’s and master’s degrees in Civil Engineering at the Universidad del Norte (Barranquilla, Colombia). He is currently a road infrastructure consultant and contractor in the northern region of Colombia.
 
 
 
 
Rodrigo Polo-Mendoza
Rodrigo Polo-Mendoza he’s a researcher focused on soil mechanics, artificial intelligence, pavement engineering and life cycle assessment. He obtained his bachelor’s and master’s degrees in Civil Engineering at the Universidad del Norte (Barranquilla, Colombia). Currently, he is pursuing his PhD in Applied Geology at Charles University (Prague, Czech Republic).
 
 
 
Gilberto Martinez Arguelles, Ph.D. Universidad del Norte
Dr. Martinez-Arguelles is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Universidad del Norte (UniNorte), Colombia since 2015, where he has served as the Department Graduate Coordinator. He graduated with a B.Eng (Civil) with a minor in Construction Management from the Universidad del Norte in 2003, M.Sc from Los Andes University in 2005, and obtained his Ph.D in Environmental and Infrastructure Engineering from the Polytechnic University of Milan in 2014. Teaching areas include Construction materials, Asphalt materials, Pavement Design and Rehabilitation, Sustainable infrastructure, undergraduate and post-graduate courses. He is the author or co-author of more than 60 papers in international and national journals and conferences.
Luis Fuentes Universidad del Norte
Civil Engineer, Universidad del Norte; Master in Civil Engineering, University of South Florida, PhD in Road Infrastructure Management, University of South Florida. Full-time Professor, member of the TRANVÍA Transportation Research Group and Director of Research and Graduate Studies of the Engineering Division of the Universidad del Norte. Associate member of the World Road Association-PIARC (PIARC World Road Association) 4.1 Management of Road Assets committee for the 2011-2015 cycle. Transportation Research Board (TRB) AFD90 Member of Committee on Surface Properties – Vehicle Interaction for
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the 4/15/2012 – 4/14/2021 cycle (AFD90 Member of Committee on Surface Properties – Vehicle Interaction). Member of the BOARD of Directors of the Atlantic Society of Engineers (2014-2015). Member of the ROADS AND PAVEMENTS COMMITTEE of the Sociedad de Ingenieros del Atlántico (2013-2015). Recognized as Senior Researcher by COLCIENCIAS. Index h – Scopus 13; Index h-Google 18. He has participated in multiple research and consulting projects in pavement engineering and has published more than 70 scientific articles in international indexed journals and in proceedings of peer-reviewed scientific events.
Asset Valuation Model for Highway Rigid Pavements applicable in Public-Private Partnerships Projects
Authors: Luis Arce, Rodrigo Delgadillo, Alelí Osorio-Lird, Felipe Araya and Carlos Wahr		 Chile
Abstract View Paper
Recently, in Chile, infrastructure asset value has been incorporated into highway concession contracts. However, the current valuation model used for rigid pavements is not adapted to the standards and conditions of such projects. This study develops a valuation model for rigid pavements of interurban highway concessions and evaluates it in a case study. The proposed model captures the loss in asset value associated with the performance degradation over time, considering a typical Jointed Plain Concrete Pavement (JCPC) configuration.
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The value is calculated using performance indicators that represent the structural capacity and level of service provided to road users. The model represents a significant improvement compared to current asset valuation models used in highway concessions. It enables the public agency to objectively evaluate the preservation of asset value carried out by the private partner during the concession. Additionally, it could also be used as a tool to establish payments between infrastructure stakeholders. Some of the concepts applied could also be relevant for other highway assets existing in Public–Private Partnership (PPP) projects.

Keywords: highway asset management; highway asset valuation; infrastructure asset; rigid pavement; pavement performance; public–private partnership.
Luis Arce Federico Santa Maria Technical University
Luis Arce is Civil Engineer and MSc in Civil Engineering from Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María (UTFSM), Chile. His professional experience and research interests revolve around road infrastructure management and highway asset valuation. Since April 2023, he has been working as a technical assistant in the Concessions Directory of the Ministry of Public Works of Chile. From March 2021 to March 2023, he worked as a research assistant on a project called “Highway Asset Valuation Methodology Compatible with the Level of Service to Users,” which was funded by the Fund for the Promotion of Scientific and Technological
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Development (FONDEF). During this time, he focused on developing and implementing a valuation model for rigid pavements in Chilean interurban road concessions. Prior to that, from November 2020 to February 2021, he served as a technical assistant on road network preservation projects in the southern region of Chile.
Rodrigo Delgadillo, Ph.D. Federico Santa Maria Technical University
Civil Engineer, Ph.D., Professor and Researcher at the Civil Works Department of the Universidad Técnica Federico Santa Maria, Valparaíso, Chile. Specialist in Asphalts, Materials Testing Laboratory and Construction Control at LEMCO, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María. He is currently an academic advisor and Associate Professor at Universidad Técnica Federico Santa Maria, Valparaíso, Chile. He teaches courses on Asphalt Technology, Road Engineering and Statics of Structures for the Civil Engineering career. Mr. Delgadillo does research in Pavement Engineering, Infrastructure Management and Engineering Materials.
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His current project is ‘Fondef IT16I10008: Model to Evaluate the Levels of Service of Highways in Chile, Implementable in Bidding Bases for New Concessions’. He was the Consulting Engineer in the elaboration of specifications for airport pavements for the Chilean Airports Directorate.
Aleli Osorio-Lird D. in Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile.
Aleli Osorio-Lird is Civil Engineer from the National University of Asunción (UNA), Paraguay. MSc from the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (PUC). PhD from the University of Waterloo—Ontario in Canada. Her specialization lies in road engineering, with a particular focus on materials, design, and pavement management. She has served as a university professor at UNA from 2004 to 2007, at PUC from 2014 to 2017, and at UTFSM since 2018. She has worked as a technical assistant in the Ministry of Public Works and Communications of Paraguay.
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She has also made contributions to the field through her publications, being the author and co-author of more than 10 works published in specialized journals and conferences. Furthermore, she has actively participated as a researcher and director in research projects funded by institutions such as FONDEF, FONDECYT, and CORFO. These projects have been dedicated to various aspects of road infrastructure, including design, materials for civil works, and the management of urban and interurban road networks.
Felipe Araya
Felipe Araya is Civil Engineer and MSc in Civil Engineering from UTFSM. PhD from The University of Texas at Austin, in the USA. Specialist in construction engineering and management. Since 2014, he has been working as a university professor at UTFSM. With a significant number of publications to his name, he is the author and co-author of more than 30 works published in specialized journals and conferences. Also, he has been invited to deliver talks on his area of specialization within Chile. Currently, he serves as the Head of Career in the Department of Civil Construction at UTFSM.
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His research involvement includes participation as a researcher in projects funded by both national institutions such as UTFSM and FONDEF, as well as international organizations. These projects encompass a wide range of topics, including road infrastructure, water infrastructure, materials for civil works, infrastructure management, and construction management.
Carlos Wahr
Carlos Wahr studied at the Law School of the Universidad de Chile, graduating with highest distinction; he also worked as an assistant professor of procedural law for 3 years at the aforementioned school. He holds a diploma in Taxation from the School of Economics and Business of the Universidad de Chile, and a Master’s degree in Business Law from the Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez.
 
 
 
Deflection-Based Approach For Flexible Pavement Design In Thailand
Authors: Auckpath Sawangsuriya, Tunwin Svasdisant and Poranic Jitareekul		 Thailand
Abstract View Paper
The Department of Highways (DOH), Thailand, has adopted both empirical and mechanistic approaches for flexible pavement analysis and design. Recently, the deflection-based design approach has been comprehensively reviewed by the DOH for the possible adoption of national design standards and practices. One of the key reasons is that Thailand’s road authorities, i.e., the DOH and the Department of Rural Roads (DRR), have considered the falling weight deflectometer (FWD) for the new construction and rehabilitation of road pavements.
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In addition, the FWD is widely accepted as the non-destructive test for deflection measurement and structural capacity evaluation. Ultimately, the implication of FWD deflections for in-house pavement analysis and design shall be developed and proposed to Thailand’s road authorities. Therefore, this study presents the deflection-based approach of flexible pavement design in Thailand. The FWD and a standard Thai truck were selected as the main loading applications in this study. A typical FWD loading stress of 700–800 kPa was practically adopted by the DOH and compared with a standard 10-wheel 25-ton truck with a tandem axle-dual wheel configuration with a tire pressure of 690 kPa. The layered elastic analysis was performed to calculate the pavement responses. The results suggest that the flexible pavement design based on a deflection-based approach is simple, practical, and conservative.

Keywords: pavement design; surface deflection; flexible pavement; falling weight deflectometer; multi-layered elastic analysis.
Auckpath Sawangsuriya
Auckpath Sawangsuriya is a civil engineer-expert level at Bureau of Road Research and Development, Department of Highways, Bangkok, Thailand. He received his B.Eng. (with honors) from the Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology, Thammasat University, Thailand. He received his M.S. and Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin-Madison, U.S.A. His Ph.D. research focuses on the unsaturated soil mechanics for the pavement design and construction. He received the 2005 Norman H. Severson Geotechnical Engineering Award from the Geo Engineering program of the University of Wisconsin-Madison in recognition of his excellent in
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scholarship and research. Upon his completion, he was appointed as a Post-doctorate Research Associate in the Geo Engineering Program, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, U.S.A where he undertook a research project funded by the Minnesota Department of Transportation. A. Sawangsuriya’s present research interests are associated with the recent advances in laboratory and in situ tests for mechanical properties of pavement materials and earthwork construction quality evaluation. His area of expertise also includes transportation geotechnics. He has already co-authored a book chapter and over hundred technical papers in both refereed national and international journals as well as conference proceedings. He received the 2017 Katahira Award for outstanding technical paper relating to the road industry, the 2021 IRF Global Road Achievement Awards: Research Category, and the 2021 Mino Best Project Award on Category II: Community Road.
Tunwin Svasdisant, Dr.
Dr. Tunwin Svasdisant received his B. Eng in civil engineering from Chulalongkorn University, Thailand in 1996. He then later received his M.E in geotechnical and pavement engineering and his Ph.D. from Michigan State university, USA. He is currently a civil engineer expert level at Bureau of Road Maintenance Management, Department of Highways, Thailand. He has been the lecturer for Pavement Design and Analysis course at various universities in Thailand. His past works includes various researches in the field of Asphalt Technology, Pavement Materials, Pavement Mechanistic Design and Analysis, Pavement Survey and Evaluation, Pavement Maintenance and Pavement Management.
Poranic Jitareekul
Poranic Jitareekul is a civil engineer, senior professional level at Bureau of Materials, Analysis and Inspection, Department of Highways, Bangkok, Thailand. He received BEng in Civil Engineering from Kasetsart University in 1997. He received MEngSc in Geotechnical Engineering from the University of New South Wales in 2000 and PhD in Civil Engineering from the University of Nottingham in 2009. His work experiences include pavement analysis and design, geotechnical site investigation, soil improvement, slope stabilization, road construction and highway material quality control.
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His research interests are in the field of pavement materials and pavement materials quality control. He is also member of Thailand Council of Engineers as a senior professional civil engineer.
Utilizing Industrial By-products for Sustainable 3D Printed Infrastructure Applications: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Eka Oktavia Kurniati and Hee-Jeong Kim		 USA
Abstract View Paper
Industrial secondary products (e.g., fly ash, blast furnace slag, and silica fume) have found extensive application as alternative construction materials in conventional manufacturing methods to reduce carbon emissions due to cement usage and solve the waste management problem. To date, additive manufacturing or 3D printing has been massively developed for every material, including cement-based materials. Some possibilities have arisen to incorporate industrial wastes in cement mixtures in 3D printing applications. However, a comprehensive study about fly ash (FA), ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS),
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and silica fume (SF) usage in 3D-printed materials needs to be conducted. This paper shows that some aspects of 3D printing, such as printability, buildability, and rheological properties, need to be considered, and waste materials affect these fresh mixture properties. Applying waste materials as supplementary cementitious materials also gives different mechanical properties and durability performances. Furthermore, the environmental and economic benefits of 3D-printed and conventional materials are compared. The results show that 3D printing methods can enhance the environmental and economic benefits while maintaining the performance of materials created using traditional methods. Studying industrial waste application in 3D printing has become a promising way to develop sustainable materials in this digitalization era.

Keywords: fly ash; blast furnace slag; silica fume; 3D printing.
Eka Oktavia Kurniati University of Arizona
Eka Oktavia Kurniati is a graduate assistant in the Multiscale Advanced Materials Design Lab, Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering and Mechanics, at the University of Arizona. Her research interest focuses on material design for construction materials, especially research on 3D concrete printing as a sustainable material.
 
 
 
Hee-Jeong Kim, Prof. University of Arizona
Hee-Jeong Kim is an assistant professor in the Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering and Mechanics at the University of Arizona. She received a B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. in civil and environmental engineering, all from the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), and did her postdoctoral research at the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, MIT. Her area of expertise is in multi-scale chemo-mechanical characterization of advanced materials in civil engineering. Kim’s research involves designing and developing new construction materials based on advanced multi-scale computational modeling
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and experimental characterization, improving the sustainability and resilience of civil infrastructure, and utilization of digital fabrication, including large-scale printing in the development and application of new construction.
An Infrastructure Management Humanistic Approach for Smart Cities: Development, Evolution, and Sustainability
Authors: Carlos M. Chang, Gianine Tejada Salinas, Teresa Salinas Gamero, Stella Schroeder, Mario A. Vélez Canchanya and Syeda Lamiya Mahnaz		 USA
Abstract View Paper
Over the next decades, people will continue moving to urban areas all over the world, increasing infrastructure needs to satisfy economic, environmental, and social demands. The connection between civil urban infrastructure and smart cities is strong due to the common goal of fulfilling public service demands. Infrastructure management contributes to the development, evolution, and sustainability of smart cities. The main problem with traditional approaches to the development, evolution, and sustainability of smart cities is the lack of a holistic, integrated vision of infrastructure management.
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The main objective of this research is to introduce an infrastructure management humanistic approach with a smart city conceptual model that also considers an educational perspective. A mixed research methodology that combines quantitative and qualitative approaches was used, applying inductive-deductive tools. The paper concludes with the development of an infrastructure management framework for smart cities with five dimensions: (1) Environmental, (2) financial-economic, (3) political-governance, (4) social-people, and (5) technological. Two case studies for the cities of Lima and Piura in Peru illustrate how to incorporate this framework into practice. The research products are relevant because they foster an inclusive better quality of life for all citizens by preserving civil infrastructure systems.

Keywords: civil infrastructure systems; management humanistic approach; smart city; sustainability; 5-dimensional model; BIM-CIM; digital twin; Peru.
Carlos M. Chang, Ph.D. P.E. Florida International University
Dr. Chang is an Associate Professor in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Florida International University (FIU). He is recognized as an international expert on asset management, infrastructure management, knowledge management, pavement management, pavement evaluation, and design. His main research interest is in asset management, with an emphasis on sustainable “smart” infrastructure systems for a better quality of life. His research work involves the development of advanced decision-making models, methodologies, and tools to apply multi-decision criteria, statistical analysis, simulation processes,
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optimization techniques, and risk analysis at the strategic and network management levels. Dr. Chang has conducted research projects sponsored by the National Highway Cooperative Research Program (NCHRP), the Metropolitan Transportation Commission in California (MTC), the Accelerated Bridge Construction Center (ABC), the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT), the El Paso Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO), and the City of El Paso. His academic work is documented in more than 100 publications in peer- reviewed national and international journals, conference proceedings, books, and technical reports. Dr. Chang also serves as the Chair of the ASCE Infrastructure Systems Committee, Vice President of isMARTI in the U.S., and Research Coordinator of the TRB Pavement Management Systems Committee (AKT10).
Gianine Tejada Salinas
Master in Administration from Universidad del Pacífico and industrial engineer from Universidad Ricardo Palma. Currently, she is an advisor to the Executive Direction of FONDECYT. She is a specialist in conducting, guiding and coordinating planning processes, formulation, programming, monitoring and evaluation of plans and activities of both productive and service companies in the private and public sector.
 
 
Teresa Salinas Gamero
Master in Education Administration from Universidad de Lima (Summa Cum Laude), Bachelor in Education Sciences, Bachelor in Physical Education-Mathematics from Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa (Peru). Professor of Physics at the Ricardo Palma University URP in the Faculty of Engineering (Peru), postgraduate courses at the National University of Distance Education UNED, Madrid, visiting professor at the University of Alcalá de Henares and the University of Barcelona (Spain). Fellow of the Spanish Agency for International Cooperation (AECI); postgraduate courses at the Center for Improvement of Higher Education of the University of Havana, Cuba.
Stella Schroeder
Stella Schroeder is geographer with a focus on cities from the University of Bremen, Germany, and Master of Science in Urban Development and Urban Design from the HafenCity Universität in Hamburg, Germany. Currently a PhD candidate in Urbanism at the University of Bío-Bío in Concepción, Chile. Professor and director of the Institute of Urbanism and Territory at the University of Piura, Peru. Local coordinator of the “mgi global Smart Cities Initiative” in Piura and researcher “Dynamics of innovation ecosystems Piura”.
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She was research manager at ECE Projectmanagement; consultant in Urbanism and housing in Hamburg, Germany; and technical advisor at the German Cooperation (giz). Founder of #FuturoPiura, a platform that encourages citizen participation in urban planning in Piura.
Mario Velez C., Ing., Mg. Project Management Profesional PMP
Mario Velez es ingeniero civil CIP, graduado en la Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería (UNI), con estudios de postgrado en el Building Research Institute – Ministry of Construction of Japan – BRI y participante en programa para ejecutivos seniors en el IESE Business School de la Universidad de Navarra, realizado en New York y Miami.
Especializado en Gerencia de Proyectos, certificado como Project Management Professional – (PMP) ® otorgado por el Project Management Institute – PMI. Egresado (titulación en trámite ) del master internacional BIM Manager en ZIGURAT Global Institute of Technology y la Universidad de Barcelona. Experiencia de 26 años en la gestión de proyectos de construcción de infraestructura.
Syeda Lamiya Mahnaz
Syeda Lamiya Mahnaz is research assistant at the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering in Florida International University.